Explanation
IAM components are
RESOURCE
Thecloud objects that your company’s employees create and use when interacting with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. For example: compute instances, block storage volumes, virtual cloud networks (VCNs), subnets, route tables, etc.
USER
An individual employee or system that needs to manage or use your company’s Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. Users might need to launch instances, manage remote disks, work with your virtual cloud network, etc. End users of your application are not typically IAM users. Users have one or more IAM credentials (see User Credentials).
POLICY
A document that specifies who can access which resources, and how. Access is granted atthe group and compartment level, which means you can write a policy that gives a group a specific type of access within a specific compartment, or to the tenancy itself. If you give a group access to the tenancy, the group automatically gets the same typeof access to all the compartments inside the tenancy. For more information, see Example Scenario and How Policies Work. The word “policy” is used by people in different ways: to mean an individual statement written in the policy language; to mean a collection of statements in a single, named “policy” document(which has an Oracle Cloud ID (OCID) assigned to it); and to mean the overall body of policies your organization uses to control access to resources.
GROUP
A collection of users who all need the same type of access to a particular set of resources or compartment.
DYNAMIC GROUP
A special type of group that contains resources (such as compute instances) that match rules that you define (thus the membership can change dynamically as matching resources are created or deleted). These instances act as “principal” actors and can make API calls to services according to policies that you write for the dynamic group.
NETWORK SOURCE
A group of IP addresses that are allowed to access resources in your tenancy. The IP addresses can be public IP addresses or IP addressesfrom a VCN within your tenancy. After you create the network source, you use policy to restrict access to only requests that originate from the IPs in the network source.
COMPARTMENT
A collection of related resources. Compartments are a fundamental component of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for organizing and isolating your cloud resources. You use them to clearly separate resources for the purposes of measuring usage and billing, access (through the use of policies), and isolation (separating the resourcesfor one project or business unit from another). A common approach is to create a compartment for each major part of your organization. For more information, see Setting Up Your Tenancy.
TENANCY
The root compartment that contains all of your organization’s Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. Oracle automatically creates your company’s tenancy for you. Directly within the tenancy are your IAM entities (users, groups, compartments, and some policies; you can also put policies into compartments inside the tenancy). You place the other types of cloud resources (e.g., instances, virtual networks, block storage volumes, etc.) inside the compartments that you create.
HOME REGION
The region where your IAM resources reside. All IAM resources are global and available across all regions, but the master set of definitions reside in a single region, the home region. You must make changes to your IAM resources in your homeregion. The changes will be automatically propagated to all regions. For more information, see Managing Regions.
FEDERATION
A relationship that an administrator configures between an identity provider and a service provider. When you federate Oracle Cloud Infrastructure with an identity provider, you manage users and groups in the identity provider. You manage authorization in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure’sIAM service. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure tenancies are federated with Oracle Identity Cloud Service by default.

Explanation
https://www.oracle.com/assets/paas-iaas-pub-cld-srvs-pillar-4021422.pdf Enterprises demand more than just availability from their cloud infrastructure. Mission-critical workloads also require consistent performance, and the abilityto manage, monitor, and modify resources running in the cloud at any time. Only Oracle offers end-to-end SLAs covering performance, availability, manageability of services.

Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en/solutions/oci-best-practices/isolate-resources-and-control- access1.html#GUID-86C12BF6-48CE-405A-989E-A83DD3A62E60

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure’s Autonomous Database is a fully managed, preconfigured database environment with two workload types available, Autonomous Transaction Processing and Autonomous Data Warehouse. You do not need to configure or manage any hardware, or install any software. After provisioning, you can scale the number of CPU cores or the storage capacity of the database at any time without impacting availability or performance. Autonomous Database handles creating the database, as well as the following maintenance tasks: > Backing up the database > Patching the database > Upgrading the database > Tuning the database

Explanation
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure File Storage service provides a durable, scalable, secure, enterprise-grade network file system. You can connect to a File Storage service file system from any bare metal, virtualmachine, or container instance in your Virtual Cloud Network (VCN).
You can control the access of the file system from FSS by applying some security rules and others but the services it self not related to security but it related to shared storage

Reference: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/data-safe/index.html

Explanation
A budget can be used to set soft limits on your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure spending. Youcan set alerts on your budget to let you know when you might exceed your budget, and you can view all of your budgets and spending from one single place in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure console.
How Budgets Work:
Budgets are set on cost-tracking tags or on compartments (including the root compartment) to track all spending in that cost-tracking tag or for that compartment and its children.
All budgets alerts are evaluated every 15 minutes. To see the last time a budget was evaluated, open the details for a budget. You will see fields that show the current spend, the forecast and the “Spent in period” field which shows you the time period over which the budget was evaluated. When a budget alert fires, the email recipients configured in the budget alert receive an email.

Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/credentials.htm#ariaid- title4

Explanation
When you work with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, one of the first steps is to set up a virtual cloud network (VCN) for your cloud resources.
VIRTUAL CLOUD NETWORK (VCN) :
A virtual, private network that you set up in Oracle data centers. It closely resembles a traditional network, with firewall rules and specific types of communication gateways that you can choose to use. A VCN resides in a singleOracle Cloud Infrastructure region and covers a single, contiguous IPv4 CIDR block of your choice.
See Allowed VCN Size and Address Ranges. The terms virtual cloud network, VCN, and cloud network are used interchangeably in this documentation. For more information, see VCNs and Subnets.
SUBNETS :
Subdivisions you define in a VCN (for example, 10.0.0.0/24 and 10.0.1.0/24). Subnets contain virtual network interface cards (VNICs), which attach to instances. Each subnet consists of a contiguous range of IP addresses that do not overlap withother subnets in the VCN. You can designate a subnet to exist either in a single availability domainavailability domain or across an entire region (regional subnets are recommended). Subnets act as a unit of configuration within the VCN: All VNICs in a given subnet use the same route table, security lists, and DHCP options (see the definitions that follow). You can designate a subnet as either public or private when you create it. Private means VNICs in the subnet can’t have public IP addresses. Public means VNICs in the subnet can have public IP addresses at your discretion. See Access to the Internet.

Explanation
Oracle Functions is a fully managed,multi-tenant, highly scalable, on-demand, Functions-as-a-Service platform. It is built on enterprise-grade Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and powered by the Fn Project open source engine. Use Oracle Functions (sometimes abbreviated to just Functions) when youwant to focus on writing code to meet business needs.
The serverless and elastic architecture of Oracle Functions means there’s no infrastructure administration or software administration for you to perform. You don’t provision or maintain compute instances, and operating system software patches and upgrades are applied automatically. Oracle Functions simply ensures your app is highly-available, scalable, secure, and monitored. With Oracle Functions, you can write code in Java, Python, Node, Go, and Ruby (and for advanced use cases, bring your own Dockerfile, and Graal VM). You can then deploy your code, call it directly or trigger it in response to events, and get billed only for the resources consumed during the execution.
Oracle Functions is based on FnProject. Fn Project is an open source, container native, serverless platform that can be run anywhere – any cloud or on-premises. Fn Project is easy to use, extensible, and performant. You can download and install the open source distribution of Fn Project, develop and test a function locally, and then use the same tooling to deploy that function to Oracle Functions.
You can access Oracle Functions using the Console, a CLI, and a REST API. You can invoke the functions you deploy to Oracle Functions using the CLI or by making signed HTTP requests.

Explanation
https://www.oracle.com/cloud/what-is-iaas/
What Is IaaS?
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a type of cloud service model in whichcomputing resources are hosted in the cloud. Businesses can use the IaaS model to shift some or all of their use of on-premises or colocated data center infrastructure to the cloud, where it is owned and managed by a cloud provider. These infrastructure elements can include compute, network, and storage hardware as well as other components and software.
In the IaaS model, the cloud provider owns and operates the hardware and software and also owns or leases the data center. When you have an IaaS solution, you rent the resources like compute or storage, provision them when needed, and pay for the resources your organization consumes. For some resources such as compute, you’ll pay for the resources you use. For others such as storage, you’ll pay for capacity.
How Does IaaS Work?
In a typical IaaS model, a business-which can be of any size-consumes services like compute, storage, and databases from a cloud provider. The cloud provider offers those services by hosting hardware and software in the cloud. The business will no longer need to purchase and manage its own equipment, or space to host the equipment, and the cost will shift to a pay-as-you-go model. When the business needs less, it pays for less.
And when it grows, it can provision additional computing resources and other technologies in minutes.
In contrast, in a traditional on-premises scenario, a business manages and maintains its own data center. The business must invest in servers, storage, software, and other technologies, and hire an IT staff or contractors to purchase, manage, and upgrade all the equipment and licenses. The data center has to be built to meet peak demand, even though sometimes workloads decline and those resources stand idle. Conversely, if the business grows quickly, the IT department might struggle to keep up.

Reference: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-
us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/fastconnectoverview.htm

You can set up a single IPSec VPN with a simple layout that you might use for a proof of concept (POC).
Reference: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/settingupIPsec.htm

Explanation
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Archive Storage is the lowest pricing for storage (per GB)

Reference: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/FreeTier/freetier.htm

Reference: https://blogs.oracle.com/cloud-infrastructure/using-availibility-domains-and-fault-domains- to-improve-application-resiliency