This page was exported from Valid Premium Exam [ http://premium.validexam.com ] Export date:Thu Sep 19 17:17:44 2024 / +0000 GMT ___________________________________________________ Title: [Q25-Q43] Ensure Success With Updated Verified ISTQB-CTFL Exam Dumps [2023] --------------------------------------------------- Ensure Success With Updated Verified ISTQB-CTFL Exam Dumps [2023] Exam Materials for You to Prepare & Pass ISTQB-CTFL Exam. NEW QUESTION 25Which of the following statements contradicts the general principles of testing?  Most defects are found in a small subset of a system’s modules.  If new defects are to be found we should run the same test set more often.  Testing is better if it starts at the beginning of a project.  How testing is done, is based on the situation in a particular project. Statement B contradicts the general principles of testing, because running the same test set more often will not increase the chances of finding new defects, unless there are some changes in the system or environment that affect the test results. Running different test sets with different inputs, outputs or conditions would be more effective in finding new defects. Statements A, C and D are consistent with the general principles of testing. Statement A states that most defects are found in a small subset of a system’s modules, which is true according to the defect clustering principle. Statement C states that testing is better if it starts at the beginning of a project, which is true according to the early testing principle. Statement D states that how testing is done, is based on the situation in a particular project, which is true according to the context-dependent testing principle. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, pages 4-6.NEW QUESTION 26Which of the following are valid testing principles?I) Exhaustive testing is in general impossible.II) Exhaustive testing should be executed for code intended to be reused.III) Testing may guarantee that a program is correct.IV) Testing cannot guarantee that a program is correct.V) Defects cluster together in certain areas of the product.  I, IV, V  II, Iv  I, V  I, Ill Statements I, IV and V are valid testing principles according to the ISTQB syllabus. Statement I states that exhaustive testing is in general impossible, because it would require testing all possible inputs, outputs and combinations of states, which is usually impractical or impossible. Statement IV states that testing cannot guarantee that a program is correct, because testing can only show the presence of defects, not their absence. Statement V states that defects cluster together in certain areas of the product, which means that some modules or functions are more likely to contain defects than others. Statements II and III are invalid testing principles. Statement II states that exhaustive testing should be executed for code intended to be reused, which contradicts statement I. Statement III states that testing may guarantee that a program is correct, which contradicts statement IV. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, pages 4-5.NEW QUESTION 27Which of the following is a correct reason to apply test automation?  When a new test automation tool is launched  When there are a lot of repetitive testing tasks  When it is easy to automate  When it is cheap to buy test automation tools A correct reason to apply test automation is when there are a lot of repetitive testing tasks. Test automation is the use of software tools or scripts to perform or support testing activities, such as test case execution, test result comparison, test data generation, etc. Test automation can be beneficial when there are a lot of repetitive testing tasks that need to be performed frequently or consistently, such as regression testing, performance testing, load testing, etc. Test automation can help to save time and effort, increase reliability and accuracy, and improve coverage and efficiency of testing. The other options are not correct reasons to apply test automation. When a new test automation tool is launched is not a reason to apply test automation, but rather a factor for choosing a test automation tool. When it is easy to automate is not a reason to apply test automation, but rather a factor for evaluating the feasibility of test automation. When it is cheap to buy test automation tools is not a reason to apply test automation, but rather a factor for estimating the cost and benefit of test automation. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 10.NEW QUESTION 28Which of the following statements about test reports are TRUE?I Test reports shall be approved by the test team.II Test reports shall give stakeholders information as basis for decisions.Ill Test reports shall summarize what happened through a period of testing.IV Test reports shall be approved by the development team, the test team and the customer V Test reports shall include information about remaining risks.  II, III, V  I, II, IV  I, III, v  II, III, IV Statements II, III and V are true about test reports. Test reports are documents that provide information on the results and status of testing activities for a given period or phase. Test reports should give stakeholders information as basis for decisions, such as whether to release the software product, whether to continue testing, whether to change the scope or priorities of testing, etc. Test reports should summarize what happened through a period of testing, such as what test cases were executed, what defects were found, what risks were identified, what issues were encountered, what achievements were made, etc. Test reports should include information about remaining risks, such as what defects are still open, what test cases are still pending, what functionalities are still untested, what uncertainties are still unresolved, etc. Statements I and IV are not true about test reports. Test reports do not need to be approved by the test team, the development team, or the customer, unless it is specified by the test policy or the test plan. Test reports only need to be reviewed and verified by the test leader or the test manager before being distributed to the intended recipients. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 141.NEW QUESTION 29How can testing contribute to higher quality?  Testing help to measure the quality of software.  Testing ensures that remaining defects are documented.  Testing removes errors in the software.  Testing eliminates the risk with software. Testing can contribute to higher quality by helping to measure the quality of software. Quality is defined as the degree to which a component or system satisfies specified requirements and customer or user needs and expectations. Testing is a process of evaluating a component or system by applying inputs and observing outputs, and comparing them with expected results. Testing can help to measure the quality of software by providing information on its functionality, performance, usability, security, reliability, etc. Testing can also help to identify and report defects in software, which can lead to improvement actions and quality assurance activities. The other options are not accurate descriptions of how testing can contribute to higher quality. Testing does not ensure that remaining defects are documented, but rather that detected defects are reported. Testing does not remove errors in software, but rather finds defects in software behavior or quality. Testing does not eliminate the risk with software, but rather assesses and manages the risk with software. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 3.NEW QUESTION 30Consider the following statements about risk-based testing.I) Risk-based testing has the objective to reduce the level of protect risks.II) Tests should be prioritized to find tie critical detects as early as possible.III) Non-testing activities may also help to reduce riskIV) Risks have to be reassessed on a regular basis.V) The project stakeholders can give useful input to determine the risks  I III IV and V are true. II is false.  II, III IV and V are correct. I is false.  I, II and IV are true. III and V are false.  II, Ill and V are true. 1 ants Iv are false. The following statements about risk-based testing are correct:II) Tests should be prioritized to find tie critical detects as early as possible. Risk-based testing involves prioritizing tests based on risk level, which reflects both the likelihood and impact of defects or failures. Tests with higher risk level should be executed earlier than tests with lower risk level, in order to find and fix critical defects as soon as possible.III) Non-testing activities may also help to reduce risk. Risk-based testing does not only involve testing activities, but also other activities that can help mitigate risks, such as reviews, inspections, audits, simulations or prototyping.NEW QUESTION 31Which sequence of state transition stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting me life-cycle of a defect?  S0->S1->S2->S3->S4  S0->S1->S2->S3->S5^>S1  S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3  S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4 The figure depicts the life-cycle of a defect using state transition testing. State transition testing is a technique that models how a system transitions from one state to another depending on events or conditions. The figure shows six states (S0 to S5) and seven transitions (T0 to T6). The correct sequence of state transitions that follows the figure is S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3. This sequence represents the following scenario:S0: The defect is not yet detected (initial state).T0: The defect is detected by testing (event).S1: The defect is reported and registered (state).T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event).S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state).T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event).S3: The defect is verified by testing (state).T5: The testing fails to confirm that the defect is fixed (event).S5: The defect is rejected by testing (state).T6: The defect is reassigned to a developer for fixing (event).S1: The defect is reported and registered (state).T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event).S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state).T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event).S3: The defect is verified by testing (state). The other sequences are incorrect, as they do not follow the transitions shown in the figure. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 4, page 40-41.NEW QUESTION 32For a mandatory input field “ZIP code” the following rules are given:1 – The valid ZIP code format is 5 numeric digits.2 – The code has to exist in the post office’s official ZIP code listUsing equivalence classes partitioning, how many test cases are required to test this field?  8  3  6  4 Equivalence classes partitioning is a technique that divides the input data and output results of a software component into partitions of equivalent data. Each partition should contain data that is treated in the same way by the component. Equivalence classes partitioning can be used to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. For the ZIP code field, there are four equivalence classes based on the given rules:Valid ZIP code format and valid ZIP code value (e.g., 12345)Valid ZIP code format and invalid ZIP code value (e.g., 99999)Invalid ZIP code format and valid ZIP code value (e.g., 1234)Invalid ZIP code format and invalid ZIP code value (e.g., ABCDE) Therefore, four test cases are required to test this field, one for each equivalence class. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 4, page 37-38.NEW QUESTION 33The following requirement is given “Set X to be the sum of Y and Z”.All the following four implementations have bugs.Which one of the following bugs can be caught by Static Analysis?  int x = 1.int y = 2.int y = 3.X = y=z;  int x = 1.int y = 2.int z = 3.X = z-y  int x = 1.Int y = 2.Int z = 3.Z = x +y  int y = 2Int z = 3.Y = z+y Static analysis is a technique that analyzes the source code or other software artifacts without executing them. Static analysis can detect defects such as syntax errors, coding standards violations, potential security vulnerabilities, or logical flaws. Static analysis can catch the bug in the first implementation, as it contains two syntax errors: the variable y is declared twice, and the assignment statement X = y=z is invalid. Static analysis cannot catch the bugs in the other three implementations, as they are logical errors that do not violate any syntax rules, but produce incorrect results. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 3, page 25-26.NEW QUESTION 34A software calculates the annual car tax using three inputs:– E; the emission level of the vehicle– P: the power of the vehicle-T the type of the vehicleThe input value for P can be integer positive values between 15 and 350.Which of the following answers contains a correct list of a boundary values for the P input?  14,351  14,15,350,351  15,350  5.175.500 A correct list of boundary values for the P input should include the minimum and maximum values of the valid range (15 and 350), as well as the values just below and above the boundaries (14 and 351). Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that involves testing the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain or output range, as these values are more likely to cause errors than values in the middle. Option B satisfies this condition, as it has all four boundary values (14, 15, 350, 351). Option A has only two boundary values (14 and 351), option C has only two boundary values (15 and 350), and option D has no boundary values at all. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 34.NEW QUESTION 35The following incident report that was generated during test of a web application.What would you suggest as the most important report improvement?Defect detected date: 15 8.2010Defect detected by: Joe SmithTest level System testTest case: Area 5/TC 98Build version: 2011-16.2Defect description After having filled out all required fields in screen 1, t click ENTER to continue to screen 2 Nothing happens, no system response at all.  Add information about which web browser was used  Add information about which developer should fix the bug  Add the time stamp when the incident happened  Add an impact analysis The most important report improvement for the given incident report would be to add information about which web browser was used when the defect was detected. This information is relevant for reproducing and debugging the defect, as different web browsers may have different behaviors or compatibility issues with the web application. The other options are less important or irrelevant for the incident report. The developer who should fix the bug can be assigned by the project manager or the defect tracking system, not by the tester who reports the defect. The time stamp when the incident happened is not very useful, as it does not indicate the cause or the frequency of the defect. The impact analysis is not part of the incident report, but rather of the risk assessment or prioritization process. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 140.NEW QUESTION 36In which of the following cases you would NOT execute maintenance testing?  Retirement of the software or system  Modifications to a released software or system  Migration of the system data to a replacement system  Update to the Maintainability requirements during the development phase Maintenance testing is testing performed on a software product after delivery to correct defects or improve performance or other attributes. Maintenance testing can be triggered by various situations, such as modifications to a released software or system, migration of the system data to a replacement system, or retirement of the software or system. Maintenance testing is not executed when there is an update to the maintainability requirements during the development phase, as this is not a maintenance situation but rather a change request that should be handled by the development process. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 2, page 18-19.NEW QUESTION 37Which of the following statements about Experience Based Techniques (EBT) is correct?  EBT use tests derived from the test engineers’ previous experience with similar technologies.  EBT is based on the ability of the test engineer to implement various testing techniques.  EBT is done as a second stage of testing, after non-experienced-based testing took place.  EBT require broad and deep knowledge in testing but not necessarily in the application or technological domain. Experience based techniques (EBT) are techniques that use the knowledge, intuition and skills of the test engineers to design and execute tests. EBT use tests derived from the test engineers’ previous experience with similar technologies, domains, applications or systems. EBT are not based on the ability of the test engineer to implement various testing techniques, but rather on their personal judgment and creativity. EBT are not done as a second stage of testing, after non-experience-based testing took place, but rather as a complementary or alternative approach to other techniques. EBT require broad and deep knowledge in both testing and the application or technological domain, as this can help the test engineer identify potential risks, scenarios or defects. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 5, page 48-49.NEW QUESTION 38Which ONE of the following statements about acceptance testing is NOT correct?  Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually NOT part of acceptance testing.  The customers or system users are often responsible for the acceptance testing.  The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects.  Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release. Acceptance testing is a level of testing performed to verify that a software product meets the agreed acceptance criteria and is acceptable for delivery. Acceptance testing is often performed by the customers or system users, who are the main stakeholders of the software product. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects, as defects should have been detected and fixed in earlier levels of testing. Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release, unless there are any changes or fixes that require re-testing. Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually part of acceptance testing, as these are important aspects of system reliability and security that affect the customer satisfaction and trust. Therefore, statement A is not correct, while statements B, C and D are correct. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, Chapter 2, page 20-21.NEW QUESTION 39Why should you choose a test technique?  Because you need to match the way you test to the content of the product under test  Because of the time constraints that usually accompany a test project  Because this way you cover the full scope of the product’s functionality  Because choosing a test technique is a common practice in software testing You should choose a test technique because you need to match the way you test to the content of the product under test. A test technique is a method or process for deriving and selecting test cases based on some criteria or rules. Different test techniques are suitable for different types of software products, depending on their characteristics, functionalities, requirements, specifications, risks, etc. Choosing a test technique helps to ensure that the test cases are relevant, effective, and efficient for the product under test. The other options are not correct reasons to choose a test technique. Time constraints are not a factor for choosing a test technique, but rather for prioritizing or optimizing testing activities. Covering the full scope of the product’s functionality is not a guarantee of choosing a test technique, but rather a goal of testing. Choosing a test technique is not a common practice in software testing, but rather a professional skill and responsibility. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 31.NEW QUESTION 40What is ‘Component Testing’?  Integration Testing  Functional testing  Experience-based testing  A test level Component testing is a test level. A test level is a group of test activities that are organized and managed together based on some common characteristics or objectives. A test level can be defined based on various factors, such as the scope and target of testing, the phase and model of development, the stakeholders and roles involved in testing, etc. Component testing (also known as unit testing or module testing) is a test level that focuses on verifying the functionality and quality of individual software components (such as modules, classes, functions, methods, etc.). Component testing can be performed by developers or testers using various techniques and tools depending on the type and complexity of the components. The other options are not test levels. Integration testing is another test level that focuses on verifying the functionality and quality of groups of software components that interact with each other or with external systems. Functional testing is a type of black-box dynamic testing that verifies that the system under test performs its intended functions according to its requirements or specifications. Experience-based testing is a category of test design techniques that rely on the tester’s knowledge and intuition to derive and select test cases based on their experience with similar systems, technologies, domains, risks, etc. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 19.NEW QUESTION 41Given the following requirement:Requirement ID: 2 8Requirement Description Additional Entrance FeeDetailed DescriptionAn additional fee of S3 is charged during the weekend, but1) Visitors aged under 7 are not charged.2) Visitors aged 7 to 13 inclusive get a 20% discount off the additional fee.3) Visitors aged greater than 65 get a 50% discount off the additional fee.Age should be an integer of 0 or above.Weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?  Thursday is a valid input boundary value.  A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age.  $3.01 is a valid output boundary value.  7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests boundary values between partitions of equivalent data. Boundary values are values at the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge. Boundary value analysis can be applied to both input and output values. Based on the given requirement, we can identify two input values: age and weekend. Age should be an integer of 0 or above, and weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive. The following statement is not correct:A) Thursday is a valid input boundary value. This statement is not correct, as Thursday is not a boundary value for the input weekend. The boundary values for the input weekend are Friday and Sunday, as they are at the edge of the equivalence partition that represents weekend days. The following statements are correct:B) A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age. This statement is correct, as we can derive six valid test cases based on input age by using the minimum and maximum values for each equivalence partition defined by the requirement. The equivalence partitions for input age are: under 7 (0 to 6), 7 to 13 inclusive (7 to 13), and greater than 65 (66 and above). The minimum and maximum values for each partition are: 0 and 6, 7 and 13, and 66 and any value above it.C) $3.01 is a valid output boundary value. This statement is correct, as $3.01 is a boundary value for the output additional fee. The additional fee can have four possible values depending on the input age: $0 (for visitors aged under 7), $2.40 (for visitors aged 7 to 13 inclusive with a 20% discount), $1.50 (for visitors aged greater than 65 with a 50% discount), and $3 (for visitors aged between 14 and 65). The boundary values for the output additional fee are $0 and $3, as they are at the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge. Therefore, $3.01 is a valid output boundary value, as it is at the smallest incremental distance above $3.D) 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10. This statement is correct, as 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition that represents visitors aged 7 to 13 inclusive. This partition includes age 10, which is an internal value within the partition. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 4, page 37-38.NEW QUESTION 42A test engineer finds a defect while testing. After the developer has fixed the defect, the test engineer decides to re-run a complete section of the tests. Which of the following is correct?  The test engineer should re-run the tests, in order to ensure that new defects have not been introduced by the fix.  The lest engineer should not re-run the tests, as they have already been run, and results recorded.  The test engineer should not re-run the tests, they should be part of the developer tests.  The test engineer should re-run the tests, because the defect shows that the test cases need to be updated. The test engineer should re-run the tests, in order to ensure that new defects have not been introduced by the fix. This is also known as regression testing, which is a type of testing that verifies that previously tested software still performs correctly after a change. Regression testing helps to detect any side effects or unintended consequences of a fix or a modification. The other options are incorrect reasons for re-running the tests. The test engineer should not re-run the tests, as they have already been run, and results recorded, because this ignores the possibility of new defects caused by the fix. The test engineer should not re-run the tests, they should be part of the developer tests, because this assumes that developer tests are sufficient and reliable, which may not be true. The test engineer should not re-run the tests, because the defect shows that the test cases need to be updated, because this does not address the impact of the fix on other test cases or functionalities. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 41.NEW QUESTION 43Which of the following options cover the test types performed during typical system testing phase:I UsabilityII Requirements based scenariosIII Testing parts of the code in isolationIV Correct order of parameters in API calls  I, Ill  I. II  II. IV  III. IV System testing is a level of testing performed to evaluate the behavior and quality of a whole software product or system. System testing can include various types of testing, such as:I) Usability testing: A type of testing that evaluates how easy, efficient and satisfying it is to use the software product or system from the user’s perspective.II) Requirements based scenarios testing: A type of testing that verifies that the software product or system meets its specified requirements or user stories by executing realistic scenarios or workflows. System testing does not include the following types of testing, as they are more suitable for lower levels of testing, such as unit testing or integration testing:III) Testing parts of the code in isolation: A type of testing that verifies the functionality and quality of individual software components or units by isolating them from other components or units.IV) Correct order of parameters in API calls: A type of testing that verifies the functionality and quality of software components or units that communicate with each other through application programming interfaces (APIs) by checking the correct order and format of parameters in API calls. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer], Chapter 2, page 20-21; Chapter 4, page 34-35. Loading … Updated ISTQB-CTFL Certification Exam Sample Questions: https://www.validexam.com/ISTQB-CTFL-latest-dumps.html --------------------------------------------------- Images: https://premium.validexam.com/wp-content/plugins/watu/loading.gif https://premium.validexam.com/wp-content/plugins/watu/loading.gif --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- Post date: 2023-11-27 12:34:00 Post date GMT: 2023-11-27 12:34:00 Post modified date: 2023-11-27 12:34:00 Post modified date GMT: 2023-11-27 12:34:00