Res = + s2;
Explanation:
The code fragment is creating a string variable “s” with the value “10_00” and an integer variable “s2” with the value 10. The string “s” is using an underscore as a separator for readability, which is allowed in Java SE 171. The question is asking for two statements that can add 250 to the numeric value of “s” and assign it to an integer variable “res”. The correct answers are A and E because they use the methods parseInt and valueOf of the Integer class to convert the string “s” to an integer. Both methods interpret the string as a signed decimal integer and return the equivalent int or Integer value23. The other options are incorrect because they either use invalid syntax, such as B and C, or they do not convert the string “s” to an integer, such as D and F. Reference: Binary Literals (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language > Numbers and Strings), Integer (Java SE 17 & JDK 17), Integer (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)

The code fragment will fail to compile because the parseInt method of the Integer class is a static method, which means that it can be invoked without creating an object of the class. However, the code is trying to invoke the parseInt method on an object of type Integer, which is not allowed. The correct way to invoke the parseInt method is by using the class name, such as Integer.parseInt (s). Therefore, the code fragment will produce a compilation error. Reference: Integer (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) – Oracle

The code fragment will fail to compile because the readObject method in the Product class is missing the @Override annotation. The readObject method is a special method that is used to customize the deserialization process of an object. It must be declared as private, have no return type, and take a single parameter of type ObjectInputStream. It must also be annotated with @Override to indicate that it overrides the default behavior of the ObjectInputStream class. Without the @Override annotation, the compiler will treat the readObject method as a normal method and not as a deserialization hook. Therefore, the code fragment will produce a compilation error. Reference: Object Serialization – Oracle, [ObjectInputStream (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) – Oracle]

Explanation
The answer is B because the code fragment contains a logical error that causes a MissingResourceException at runtime. The code fragment tries to load a resource bundle with the base name “Captions.properties” and the locale “en_US”. However, there is no such resource bundle available in the classpath. The available resource bundles are:
Captions.properties
Captions_en.properties
Captions_US.properties
Captions_en_US.properties
The ResourceBundle class follows a fallback mechanism to find the best matching resource bundle for a given locale. It first tries to find the resource bundle with the exact locale, then it tries to find the resource bundle with the same language and script, then it tries to find the resource bundle with the same language, and finally it tries to find the default resource bundle with no locale. If none of these resource bundles are found, it throws a MissingResourceException.
In this case, the code fragment is looking for a resource bundle with the base name “Captions.properties” and the locale “en_US”. The ResourceBundle class will try to find the following resource bundles in order:
Captions.properties_en_US
Captions.properties_en
Captions.properties
However, none of these resource bundles exist in the classpath. Therefore, the ResourceBundle class will throw a MissingResourceException.
To fix this error, the code fragment should use the correct base name of the resource bundle family, which is
“Captions” without the “.properties” extension. For example:
ResourceBundle captions = ResourceBundle.getBundle(“Captions”, currentLocale); This will load the appropriate resource bundle for the current locale, which is “Captions_en_US.properties” in this case. References:
Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer
Java SE 17 Developer
OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide
ResourceBundle (Java Platform SE 8 )
About the ResourceBundle Class (The Java™ Tutorials > Internationalization)

The code fragment is trying to obtain the java.io.Console object, which is a class that provides methods to access the character-based console device, if any, associated with the current Java virtual machine. The correct way to obtain the Console object is to call the static method Console console() in the java.lang.System class. This method returns the unique Console object associated with the current Java virtual machine, if any. Therefore, option A is correct, as it calls System.console() and assigns it to a Console variable. Reference:
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/java/io/Console.html
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/System.html#console()
https://education.oracle.com/products/trackp_OCPJSE17
https://mylearn.oracle.com/ou/learning-path/java-se-17-developer/99487

Explanation
The answer is B and E because the module-info file should include a provides directive and an exports directive to represent the service provider interface. The provides directive declares that the module provides an implementation of a service interface, which is com.transport.vehicle.cars.Car in this case. The with clause specifies the fully qualified name of the service provider class, which is com.transport.vehicle.cars.impl.CarImpl in this case. The exports directive declares that the module exports a package, which is com.transport.vehicle.cars in this case, to make it available to other modules. The package contains the service interface that other modules can use.
Option A is incorrect because requires is not the correct keyword to declare a service provider interface.
Requires declares that the module depends on another module, which is not the case here.
Option C is incorrect because it has a typo in the module name. It should be com.transport.vehicle.cars, not cm.transport.vehicle.cars.
Option D is incorrect because it has a typo in the keyword provides. It should be provides, not Provides. It also has a typo in the service interface name. It should be com.transport.vehicle.cars.Car, not com.transport.vehicle.cars.Car impl. It also has an unnecessary to clause, which is used to limit the accessibility of an exported package to specific modules.
Option F is incorrect because it exports the wrong package. It should export com.transport.vehicle.cars, not com.transport.vehicle.cars.impl. The impl package contains the service provider class, which should not be exposed to other modules.
Option G is incorrect because it exports the wrong package. It should export com.transport.vehicle.cars, not com.transport.vehicle. The vehicle package does not contain the service interface or the service provider class.
References:
Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer
Java SE 17 Developer
OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide
Java Modules – Service Interface Module – GeeksforGeeks
Java Service Provider Interface | Baeldung

The answer is B because the code fragment contains a syntax error that prevents it from compiling. The code fragment tries to catch a StockException in line 10, but the catch block does not have a parameter of type StockException. The catch block should have a parameter of type StockException, such as:
catch (StockException e) { // handle the exception }
This is required by the Java syntax for the catch clause, which must have a parameter that is a subclass of Throwable. Without a parameter, the catch block is invalid and causes a compilation error.
Option A is incorrect because the program does not throw a StockException, as it does not compile.
Option C is incorrect because the program does not throw an OutofStockException, as it does not compile.
Option D is incorrect because the program does not throw a ClassCastException, as it does not compile. Reference:
Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer
Java SE 17 Developer
OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide
The try-with-resources Statement (The Java™ Tutorials > Essential Classes > Exceptions) The catch Blocks (The Java™ Tutorials > Essential Classes > Exceptions)

The code fragment is creating a string variable “a” with the value “Hello! Java”. Then, it is printing the index of “Java” in “a”. Next, it is replacing “Hello!” with “Welcome!” in “a”. Then, it is printing the index of “Java” in “a”. Finally, it is creating a new StringBuilder object “b” with the value of “a” and printing the index of “Java” in “b”. The output will be 8109 because the index of “Java” in “a” is 8, the index of “Java” in “a” after replacing “Hello!” with “Welcome!” is 10, and the index of “Java” in “b” is 9. Reference: Oracle Java SE 17 Developer source and documents: [String (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)], [StringBuilder (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)]

The code will not compile because the variable ‘x’ is declared as final and then it is being modified in the switch statement. This is not allowed in Java. A final variable is a variable whose value cannot be changed once it is initialized1. The switch statement tries to assign different values to ‘x’ depending on the value of ‘y’, which violates the final modifier. The compiler will report an error: The final local variable x cannot be assigned. It must be blank and not using a compound assignment. Reference: The final Keyword (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language > Classes and Objects)

Explanation
An automatic module name is derived from the name of the JAR file when it does not contain a module-info.class file. If the JAR file has an “Automatic-Module-Name” attribute in its main manifest, then its value is the module name. Otherwise, the module name is derived from the JAR file’s name by removing any version numbers and converting it to lower case. Therefore, for a JAR named display-ascii-0.2.jar, the automatic module name would be display-ascii, following these rules.

The tryLock () method of the Lock interface is a non-blocking attempt to acquire a lock. It returns true if the lock is available and acquired by the current thread, and false otherwise. It does not wait for the lock to be released by another thread. This is different from the lock () method, which blocks the current thread until the lock is acquired, and does not return any value. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/java/util/concurrent/locks/Lock.html#tryLock(), 3, 4, 5

The code creates two threads, t1 and t2, and starts them. The threads will print their names and the value of the Atomic Integer object, x, which is initially set to 1. The threads will then increment the value of x and print their names and the new value of x. Since the threads are started at the same time, the output will be in random order. However, the final output will always be t1 : 1 : t2: 1 : t1 : 2 : t2: 2: Reference: AtomicInteger (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) – Oracle

Explanation
The two code fragments that compile are B and E. These are the only ones that use the correct syntax for declaring and initializing a var variable. The var keyword is a reserved type name that allows the compiler to infer the type of the variable based on the initializer expression. However, the var variable must have an initializer, and the initializer must not be null or a lambda expression. Therefore, option A is invalid because it does not have an initializer, option C is invalid because it has a null initializer, and option D is invalid because it has a lambda expression as an initializer. Option B is valid because it has a String initializer, and option E is valid because it has an int initializer.
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/language/local-variable-type-inference.html

Explanation
The code fragment will fail to compile because the play method in the Dog class is declared as private, which means that it cannot be accessed from outside the class. The main method is trying to call the play method on a Dog object, which is not allowed. Therefore, the code fragment will produce a compilation error.

Explanation
The code fragment is using the Java SE 17 API to get the current time and then truncating it to minutes. The result will be the current time truncated to minutes, which is why option B is correct. References:
https://education.oracle.com/products/trackp_OCPJSE17
https://mylearn.oracle.com/ou/learning-path/java-se-17-developer/99487
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/java/time/Instant.html#truncatedTo(java.time.tempora